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In statistics, the restricted (or residual, or reduced) maximum likelihood (REML) approach is a particular form of maximum likelihood estimation which does not base estimates on a maximum likelihood fit of all the information, but instead uses a likelihood function calculated from a transformed set of data, so that nuisance parameters have no effect.〔 (see REML)〕 In the case of variance component estimation, the original data set is replaced by a set of contrasts calculated from the data, and the likelihood function is calculated from the probability distribution of these contrasts, according to the model for the complete data set. In particular, REML is used as a method for fitting linear mixed models. In contrast to the earlier maximum likelihood estimation, REML can produce unbiased estimates of variance and covariance parameters.〔 Baker, Bob. (Estimating variances and covariances (broken, original link) ) available at the Wayback Machine ()〕 The idea underlying REML estimation was put forward by M. S. Bartlett in 1937.〔 The first description of the approach applied to estimating components of variance in unbalanced data was by Desmond Patterson and Robin Thompson〔 of the University of Edinburgh, although they did not use the term REML. A review of the early literature was given by Harville. REML estimation is available in a number of general-purpose statistical software packages, including Genstat (the REML directive), SAS (the MIXED procedure), SPSS (the MIXED command), Stata (the mixed command), JMP (statistical software), and R (the (lme4 ) and older (nlme ) packages), as well as in more specialist packages such as MLwiN, HLM, ASReml, Statistical Parametric Mapping and (CropStat ). ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restricted maximum likelihood」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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